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Životní cyklus motolice \kur{Anomalotrema koiae} Gibson & Bray, 1984 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) na souostroví Svalbard
NOVOTNÝ, David
The aim of the study is to describe the life cycle of a trematode species Anomalotrema koiae Gibson & Bray, 1984 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) which occures in three species of whelks (Buccinum undatum, B. glaciale and Plicifusus kroyeri) and Arctic staghorn sculpin (Gymnocanthus tricuspis) in littoral waters, mainly fjords, of the Svalbard archipelago to better understand the ecology of arctic marine habitats. In the study there is the first morphological description of larval stages of A. koiae, mainly the sporocysts and cercariae. For the purpose of the study, there were used both the molecular and morphological methods to analyse the data from the samples which were collected on Svalbard.
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Střevní paraziti ptáků na Svalbardu
ŽÁNOVÁ, Veronika
The study aimed to obtain essential knowledge about the distribution of intestinal parasites of birds occurring in Svalbard. Noninvasive coprological techniques were used to detect coccidian, cryptosporidian and microspordian parasites. The research included field collection of faecal samples and laboratory examination by microscopic and molecular methods.
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Incubation behavior of the arctic tern Sterna paradisaea in extreme conditions of northern tundra
Hromádková, Tereza ; Pavel, Václav (advisor) ; Praus, Libor (referee)
Short breeding period and harsh climatic conditions are major limiting factors to which birds have to adapt in northern tundra regions. Despite this fact, dozen species of birds annually migrate into these regions to increase their chances to breed successfully. My diploma thesis focuses on incubation behaviour of the Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea). The research for my thesis took place on the Norwegian archipelago Svalbard, in two particular locations: Adolfbukta and Longyearbyen. By using the method of continuous video recording, I described incubation behaviour of this specie in detail. Human activity is very different on each of Adolfbukta and Longyearbyen. On site Adolfbukta study was conducted during seasons 2012 and 2014, both with different predation pressure. Having known that, I could evaluate the impact of human activity as well as the impact of different predation pressure on incubation behaviour and breeding ecology of Arctic tern. The presence of human close to the colony had significant effect on incubation behaviour. Due to higher disturbances, incubating birds tended to leave their nests more often, attention paid to the nest was smaller and calm incubation (sleeping on the nest) was shorter by a half. Human activity had no effect on other displays such as average clutch size or...
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Remote Sensing of Surface Meltwater on the Glaciers of Svalbard
Sieglová, Eliška ; Margold, Martin (advisor) ; Engel, Zbyněk (referee)
Supraglacial lakes pond meltwater on the surface of glaciers. They form in the ablation zone during the ablation season and their darker surface lowers the albedo of the glacier. Once drained to the glacier bed, they may affect basal sliding and flow velocities of the glacier. High- resolution imagery from the Sentinel-2 mission was used to characterize the ablation season on two glacier regions of Svalbard: Hinlopenbreen glacier on the east coast and Kongsbreen and Kronebreen glaciers on the west coast of Spitsbergen. The first supraglacial lakes appeared in the first half of June in the west region and in the second half of June in the east region. The peak of the lake area was observed around the turn of June and July in the west region and around the half of July in the east region. The time of the first appearance of supraglacial lakes corresponded with temperatures reaching positive values. They first formed in lower elevations and started progressing higher with rising temperatures. Most supraglacial lakes formed between 600 and 700 m a.s.l. in the west region and between 400 and 500 m a.s.l. in the east region. In the east region a significant number of the supraglacial lakes (12 % of their total area) formed above the estimated equilibrium line altitude of 600 m a.s.l. Further research...
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Životní cyklus a diverzita motolic čeledi Opecoelidae na Svalbardu
NOVOTNÝ, David
The study was aimed to determine the diversity and species identification of trematodes family Opecoelidae (Digenea) in sculpins living in shallow waters of Billefjord (Svalbard). Second aim was to determine the affinity between the partenogenetic parasitic larval stages living in whelks (Buccinidae) and adult stages living in sculpins to describe their life cycle. During the work, there were used molecular methods using DNA and phylogeny analysis to identify the species of collected trematodes.
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Tažní psi v Arktidě jako potenciální zdroj parazitárních infekcí lidí a volně žijících zvířat
BROŽ, Marek
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate dogs introduced into the Arctic as a source of intestinal parasites infection both for wildlife and humans. To that aim coprological examination of faeces sampled in Svalbard and Greenland was performed. Microscopical and molecular detection of cryptosporidia, giardiae, microsporidia, roundworms and tapeworms in faeces was carried out. One sample from Svalbard was positive for Toxocara canis eggs and four samples from Svalbard were positive for unusual genotype of Enterocytozoon bieneusi.
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Střevní paraziti savců introdukovaných na Svalbard
BROŽ, Marek
The aim of this thesis was the research of parasites of mammals introduced to Svalbard: sibling voles, horses and dogs. Faeces of this three species were used for examination of intestinal parasites. Samples were collected in central part of Svalbard and examined in Czech Republic by microscopic and molecular methods for detection of protists and helminths.
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Correlation of abiotic proxies in Holocene lacustrine sediments of Peri-Atlantic Arctic
Roman, Matěj ; Nývlt, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, Jan (referee)
The peri-Atlantic Arctic, one of the most sensitive components of the Earth climate system, experienced pronounced climatic fluctuations during the Holocene. Several external forcings were considered responsible for these variations, including decline of insolation on the Northern Hemisphere, changes in distribution of land ice mass, explosive volcanism, or changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation. In order to explore the driving mechanisms of the peri-Atlantic Arctic environmental variability, three sites located in different parts of the region were selected for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions with focus on extracting the climatic information. With this intention, sedimentary cores from i) Lake Garmaksla, Central Svalbard, ii) Jarfjorden, northeastern Norway, and iii) Kobbefjord area, southwestern Greenland, were retrieved and subjected to multi-proxy investigation. The absolute chronostratigraphic framework was established by comprehensive radiocarbon (14 C) and short-lived radioisotopes (210 Pb, 137 Cs) dating. Further analyses include measurements of magnetic susceptibility, grain size distribution, element composition by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and elements bound to organic matter, i.e. organic carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and biogenic silica. The relationships between the...
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Incubation behavior of the arctic tern Sterna paradisaea in extreme conditions of northern tundra
Hromádková, Tereza ; Pavel, Václav (advisor) ; Praus, Libor (referee)
Short breeding period and harsh climatic conditions are major limiting factors to which birds have to adapt in northern tundra regions. Despite this fact, dozen species of birds annually migrate into these regions to increase their chances to breed successfully. My diploma thesis focuses on incubation behaviour of the Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea). The research for my thesis took place on the Norwegian archipelago Svalbard, in two particular locations: Adolfbukta and Longyearbyen. By using the method of continuous video recording, I described incubation behaviour of this specie in detail. Human activity is very different on each of Adolfbukta and Longyearbyen. On site Adolfbukta study was conducted during seasons 2012 and 2014, both with different predation pressure. Having known that, I could evaluate the impact of human activity as well as the impact of different predation pressure on incubation behaviour and breeding ecology of Arctic tern. The presence of human close to the colony had significant effect on incubation behaviour. Due to higher disturbances, incubating birds tended to leave their nests more often, attention paid to the nest was smaller and calm incubation (sleeping on the nest) was shorter by a half. Human activity had no effect on other displays such as average clutch size or...
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